十七種知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式！

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來源：IPRdaily英文網(wǎng) （IPRdaily.com）

翻譯：IPRdaily特約作者李春成

原標(biāo)題：十七種知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式！

如果你對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)事務(wù)感興趣，以下你應(yīng)當(dāng)閱讀。知財(cái)資本有限公司(PCT Capital LLC)首席執(zhí)行官雷蒙德.米理恩和拐點(diǎn)策略創(chuàng)始人兼董事總經(jīng)理羅恩·勞里以《已有的和新興的IP業(yè)務(wù)模式綜述》為藍(lán)本，簡要摘編了已經(jīng)成型的和正在興起的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式，令人印象深刻。

一、正在興起的四種商業(yè)模式

1．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)事務(wù)交流/交易平臺(tái)。類似于紐交所和納斯達(dá)克，無論是實(shí)體或網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線平臺(tái)，促進(jìn)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易交流，包括創(chuàng)建的基于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的金融工具或類似股票的上市和交易。計(jì)劃宣布創(chuàng)建交易交流

2．防御性專利池。有選擇地獲取基于防守的專利組合。

3．技術(shù)/知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)衍生融資。由傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資(VC)或私募股權(quán)公司組織，專門從事較大科技公司面臨困境的非核心知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)衍生投資運(yùn)作，或者創(chuàng)建大型技術(shù)公司之間的合資企業(yè)，以促進(jìn)技術(shù)商業(yè)化和相關(guān)聯(lián)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)貨幣化。

4．基于專利的公共股指。創(chuàng)建基于現(xiàn)有的軟件工具和平臺(tái)正式的股票指數(shù)。

二、已成型的十三種商業(yè)模式

1．專利許可和訴訟公司(PLECs)。擁有一個(gè)或多個(gè)專利組合，試圖開展有目標(biāo)的寫信活動(dòng)將其專利或組合許可出去；之后對(duì)那些拒絕接受拒絕進(jìn)入非排他性專利許可者，提起專利侵權(quán)訴訟。

2．機(jī)構(gòu)專利聚合器/知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購基金。通常作為有限合伙公司的普通合伙人的典型運(yùn)作實(shí)體，以及從大型科技公司或資本市場籌集資金的運(yùn)作實(shí)體。

3．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) /技術(shù)開發(fā)公司。從事研發(fā)活動(dòng)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)創(chuàng)造(包括專利和專有技術(shù)) 實(shí)體，看起來就像運(yùn)營一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)公司。然而，開發(fā)出的技術(shù)不是用于生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

4．授權(quán)代理商。作用是幫助專利擁有者找到被許可者的專業(yè)中介機(jī)構(gòu)。

5．訴訟金融/投資公司。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購基金和專利許可與訴訟公司（PLECs）之間的結(jié)合機(jī)制。

6．專利經(jīng)紀(jì)人。與上面所討論的專利許可代理功能基本相同，但他們尋求幫助專利擁有者找到買家而不是被許可方。

7．基于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的并購顧問。以傳統(tǒng)的投資銀行模式開展經(jīng)營，就是為科技公司的并購活動(dòng)提供建議，并根據(jù)整個(gè)交易的價(jià)值(或根據(jù)交易涉及的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的價(jià)值按比例)收取服務(wù)費(fèi)用。

8．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)拍賣行。就像倫敦佳士得和蘇富比拍賣行在古董和藝術(shù)品市場有名的專利拍賣市場。

9．網(wǎng)上的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)/技術(shù)交流/票據(jù)交換。功能像B2B網(wǎng)站一樣，使之成了1990′年代后期dot com繁榮期間的流行模式。

10．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)支持的金融家。為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)擁有者提供直接或中介融資，通常以貸款形式（債務(wù)融資）,債務(wù)融資安全以全部或部分知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值為擔(dān)保（也就是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)抵押)。

11．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)證券化企業(yè)。作為法律顧問，協(xié)助和/或?yàn)閷＠姓邔?shí)施知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)資產(chǎn)證券化融資交易提供資金（類似于更常見的抵押貸款支持證券）。

12．專利評(píng)級(jí)軟件和服務(wù)。提供先進(jìn)的專利搜索和分析軟件工具，從而允許專利所有者、律師、投資者和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場其他玩家，獲得單個(gè)專利或?qū)＠M合各種情報(bào)和數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。

13．大學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移中介。具有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)開發(fā)公司、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購基金、授權(quán)代理商和/或?qū)＠?jīng)紀(jì)人的作用，但聚焦于恰當(dāng)?shù)拇髮W(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓(例如許可)市場。

附原文

Intellectual Property Business Models

by Duncan on September3, 2008

Here’s something that you really should read if you’re interested in the business of intellectual property.

Raymond Millien (CEO of PCT Capital, LLC) and Ron Laurie(Co-founder and Managing Director of Inflexion Point Strategy, LLC) have put together an impressive summary of current and emerging intellectual property business models over at VC Experts – A summary of established and emerging IP business models.

As you can see from the quick summary below (and I really do recommend you read the entire article which has much more depth), it is very patent-focused.  

What business models would you add to more fully take into account business model focused on other types of IP?

Emerging

1.    IP Transaction Exchanges/Trading Platforms – plans have been announced to create traded exchanges (whether physical or online locations) similar to the NYSE and NASDAQ where yet-to-be created IP-based financial instruments would be listed and traded much like stocks are today.

2.    Defensive Patent Pools – seek to selectively acquire portfolios of patents for defensive reasons.

3.    Technology/IP Spin out Financing - organized as a traditional venture capital (VC)or private equity firm, but specializing in spinning out promising  on-core IP which has become "stranded" within larger technology companies, or creating joint ventures between large technology companies to commercialize the technology and monetize the associated IP.

4.    Patent-Based Public Stock Indexes – the creation of formalized stock indexes based on their existing software tools and platforms.

Established

1.    Patent Licensing and Enforcement Companies (PLECs) – entities that own one or more patent portfolios, attempt to license them though targeted letter-writing campaigns, and then file patent in fringement suits against those letter recipients who refuse to enter into non-exclusive licenses.

2.    Institutional Patent Aggregators/IP Acquisition Funds –entities that typically operate as general partners of a limited partnership and raise money either from large technology companies or from the capital markers.

3.    IP/Technology Development Companies – entities that engage in R&D activities and produce IP(including both patents and know-how) much like traditional operating companies; however, the developed technology is not used to manufacture products in the form of physical goods.

4.    Licensing Agents - entities that function as intermediaries by attempting to assist patent owners in finding licensees.

5.    Litigation Finance/Investment Firms – entities that are a cross between IP Acquisition Funds and PLECs.

6.    Patent Brokers – entities that function essentially the same as Licensing Agent model discussed above, but that they seek to assist patent owners in finding buyers rather than licensees.

7.    IP-Based M&A Advisory – entities that operate in a traditional investment banking model –advising technology companies in their merger and acquisition(M&A)activities and earning fees based on the value of the entire deal(or apportioned according to the value of the IP within the deal).

8.    IP Auction Houses – entities that are attempting to do for the patent marketplace what famed London auction houses Christie’s and Sotheby’s did for the antique and art marketplace.

9.    On-Line IP/Technology Exchanges/Clearinghouse – entities that function like the business-to-business (B2B) websites that be came the rage during the late 1990′sdot com boom.

10.   IP-Backed Financiers – entities that provide financing for IP owners, either directly or as intermediaries, usually in the form of loans (debt financing), where the security for the loan is either wholly or partially IP assets (i.e.,IP collateralization).

11.   Royalty Stream Securitization Firms - entities that counsel, assist and/or provide capital to patent owners performing IP securitization financing transactions (which resemble the more common mortgage-backed securities).

12.   Patent Rating Software and Services - entities that provide advanced patent search and analytics software tools that allow patent owners, attorneys, investors and other players in the IP marketplace to obtain various intelligence and data points about a single patent or patent portfolio.

13.   University Technology Transfer Intermediaries - entities that function as IP Development Companies, IP Acquisition Funds, Licensing Agents and/or Patent Brokers, but focusing on the niche university technology transfer(i.e., licensing) market.

來源：IPRdaily英文網(wǎng) （IPRdaily.com）

翻譯：IPRdaily特約作者李春成

編輯：IPRdaily.cn LoCo

校對(duì)：IPRdaily.cn 縱橫君

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