十七種知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式

? ? ? ? ? ? ? （摘譯，文后附原文） ? ?? IPRdaily已獲編譯作者李春成授權(quán)

鄧肯.2008年9月3日如果你對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)事務(wù)感興趣，以下摘要你應(yīng)當(dāng)閱讀。知財(cái)資本有限公司(PCT Capital LLC)首席執(zhí)行官雷蒙德.米理恩和拐點(diǎn)策略創(chuàng)始人兼董事總經(jīng)理羅恩·勞里(InflexionPoint Strategy, LLC)以《已有的和新興的IP業(yè)務(wù)模式綜述》為藍(lán)本，簡(jiǎn)要摘編了已經(jīng)成型的和正在興起的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式，令人印象深刻。

你所看到下面的摘要是非常簡(jiǎn)略的(我真的要推薦你閱讀更有深度全文：A summary of established and emerging IP business models。 十七種知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)商業(yè)模式

一、正在興起的四種商業(yè)模式 1．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)事務(wù)交流/交易平臺(tái)。類(lèi)似于紐交所和納斯達(dá)克，無(wú)論是實(shí)體或或網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線平臺(tái)，促進(jìn)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)交易交流，包括創(chuàng)建的基于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的金融工具或類(lèi)似股票的上市和交易。計(jì)劃宣布創(chuàng)建交易交流( 2．防御性專(zhuān)利池。有選擇地獲取基于防守的專(zhuān)利組合。 3．技術(shù)/知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)衍生融資。由傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資(VC)或私募股權(quán)公司組織，專(zhuān)門(mén)從事較大科技公司面臨困境的非核心知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)衍生投資運(yùn)作，或者創(chuàng)建大型技術(shù)公司之間的合資企業(yè)，以促進(jìn)技術(shù)商業(yè)化和相關(guān)聯(lián)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)貨幣化。 4．基于專(zhuān)利的公共股指。創(chuàng)建基于現(xiàn)有的軟件工具和平臺(tái)正式的股票指數(shù)。

二、已成型的十三種商業(yè)模式 1．專(zhuān)利許可和訴訟公司(PLECs)。擁有一個(gè)或多個(gè)專(zhuān)利組合，試圖開(kāi)展有目標(biāo)的寫(xiě)信活動(dòng)將其專(zhuān)利或組合許可出去；之后對(duì)那些拒絕接受拒絕進(jìn)入非排他性專(zhuān)利許可者，提起專(zhuān)利侵權(quán)訴訟。

2．機(jī)構(gòu)專(zhuān)利聚合器/知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購(gòu)基金。通常作為有限合伙公司的普通合伙人的典型運(yùn)作實(shí)體，以及從大型科技公司或資本市場(chǎng)籌集資金的運(yùn)作實(shí)體。

3．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán) /技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)公司。從事研發(fā)活動(dòng)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)創(chuàng)造(包括專(zhuān)利和專(zhuān)有技術(shù)) 實(shí)體，看起來(lái)就像運(yùn)營(yíng)一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)公司。然而，開(kāi)發(fā)出的技術(shù)不是用于生產(chǎn)物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。

4．授權(quán)代理商。作用是幫助專(zhuān)利擁有者找到被許可者的專(zhuān)業(yè)中介機(jī)構(gòu)。

5．訴訟金融/投資公司。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購(gòu)基金和專(zhuān)利許可與訴訟公司（PLECs）之間的結(jié)合機(jī)制。

6．專(zhuān)利經(jīng)紀(jì)人。與上面所討論的專(zhuān)利許可代理功能基本相同，但他們尋求幫助專(zhuān)利擁有者找到買(mǎi)家而不是被許可方。

7．基于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的并購(gòu)顧問(wèn)。以傳統(tǒng)的投資銀行模式開(kāi)展經(jīng)營(yíng)，就是為科技公司的并購(gòu)活動(dòng)提供建議，并根據(jù)整個(gè)交易的價(jià)值(或根據(jù)交易涉及的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的價(jià)值按比例)收取服務(wù)費(fèi)用。

8．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)拍賣(mài)行。就像倫敦佳士得和蘇富比拍賣(mài)行在古董和藝術(shù)品市場(chǎng)有名的專(zhuān)利拍賣(mài)市場(chǎng)。

9．網(wǎng)上的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)/技術(shù)交流/票據(jù)交換。功能像B2B網(wǎng)站一樣，使之成了1990′年代后期dot com繁榮期間的流行模式。

10．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)支持的金融家。為知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)擁有者提供直接或中介融資，通常以貸款形式（債務(wù)融資）,債務(wù)融資安全以全部或部分知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值為擔(dān)保（也就是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)抵押)。

11．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)證券化企業(yè)。作為法律顧問(wèn)，協(xié)助和/或?yàn)閷?zhuān)利所有者實(shí)施知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)資產(chǎn)證券化融資交易提供資金（類(lèi)似于更常見(jiàn)的抵押貸款支持證券）。

12．專(zhuān)利評(píng)級(jí)軟件和服務(wù)。提供先進(jìn)的專(zhuān)利搜索和分析軟件工具，從而允許專(zhuān)利所有者、律師、投資者和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)其他玩家，獲得單個(gè)專(zhuān)利或?qū)＠M合各種情報(bào)和數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。

13．大學(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移中介。具有知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)開(kāi)發(fā)公司、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)收購(gòu)基金、授權(quán)代理商和/或?qū)＠?jīng)紀(jì)人的作用，但聚焦于恰當(dāng)?shù)拇髮W(xué)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓(例如許可)市場(chǎng)。

附原文 IntellectualProperty BusinessModels by Duncan onSeptember3, 2008 Here’ssomething that you really should read if you’re interestedin the business ofintellectual property. RaymondMillien (CEO of PCT Capital, LLC) and Ron Laurie(Co-founder and ManagingDirector of Inflexion Point Strategy, LLC) have puttogether an impressivesummary of current and emerging intellectual propertybusiness models over atVCExperts – Asummary of established andemerging IP business models As youcan see from the quick summary below (and I really dorecommend you read theentire article which has much more depth), it is verypatent-focussed. Whatbusiness models would you add to more fully take intoaccount business modelsfocussed on other types of IP? Emerging 1. ? ?IP TransactionExchanges/Trading Platforms – plans have beenannounced to create traded exchanges (whetherphysical or onlinelocations) similar to the NYSE and NASDAQ where yet-to-becreated IP-basedfinancial instruments would be listed and traded much likestocks aretoday. 2. ? ?Defensive Patent Pools – seek to selectively acquire portfolios of patents fordefensivereasons. 3. ? ?Technology/IP SpinoutFinancing - organized as a traditional venture capital (VC)or privateequity firm, but specializing in spinning out promisingnon-core IP which hasbecome "stranded" within larger technologycompanies, or creatingjoint ventures between large technology companiesto commercialize thetechnology and monetize the associated IP. 4. ? ?Patent-Based Public Stock Indexes – the creation of formalized stock indexes based on their existingsoftwaretools and platforms. Established 1. ? ?Patent Licensing andEnforcement Companies (PLECs) – entities that ownone or more patent portfolios, attempt tolicense them though targetedletter-writing campaigns, and then file patentinfringement suits againstthose letter recipients who refuse to enter intonon-exclusive licenses. 2. ? ?Institutional PatentAggregators/IP Acquisition Funds –entities that typically operate as general partners of alimitedpartnership and raise money either from large technology companies orfromthe capital markers. 3. ? ?IP/Technology DevelopmentCompanies – entities that engage inR&D activities and produce IP(including both patents and know-how) muchlike traditional operatingcompanies; however, the developed technology is notused to manufactureproducts in the form of physical goods. 4. ? ?Licensing Agents - entities that function as intermediaries by attempting toassistpatent owners in finding licensees. 5. ? ?LitigationFinance/Investment Firms – entities that are a crossbetween IP Acquisition Funds andPLECs. 6. ? ?Patent Brokers – entitiesthat function essentially the same as Licensing Agentmodel discussed above, butthat they seek to assist patent owners in findingbuyers rather than licensees. 7. ? ?IP-Based M&A Advisory – entities that operate in a traditional investment bankingmodel –advising technology companies in their merger and acquisition(M&A)activities and earning fees based on the value of the entire deal(orapportioned according to the value of the IP within the deal). 8. ? ?IP Auction Houses – entitiesthat are attempting to do for the patent marketplace whatfamed London auctionhouses Christie’s and Sotheby’s did for the antiqueand art marketplace. 9. ? ?On-Line IP/TechnologyExchanges/Clearinghouse – entities that functionlike the business-to-business (B2B) websites that became the rage duringthe late 1990′sdot com boom. 10.IP-Backed Financiers – entities that provide financing for IP owners, either directlyoras intermediaries, usually in the form of loans (debt financing), wherethesecurity for the loan is either wholly or partially IP assets (i.e.,IPcollateralization). 11.Royalty StreamSecuritization Firms - entities that counsel,assist and/or provide capital to patentowners performing IPsecuritization financing transactions (which resemble themore commonmortgage-backed securities). 12.Patent Rating Software andServices - entities that provide advanced patent searchand analyticssoftware tools that allow patent owners, attorneys,investors and other playersin the IP marketplace to obtain variousintelligence and data points about asingle patent or patent portfolio. 13.University TechnologyTransfer Intermediaries - entities that function asIP Development Companies, IPAcquisition Funds, Licensing Agents and/orPatent Brokers, but focusing on theniche university technology transfer(i.e., licensing) market.

編譯：李春成，管理學(xué)博士、正高級(jí)工程師，現(xiàn)就職于天津市科學(xué)學(xué)研究所，長(zhǎng)期從事科技政策與管理、區(qū)域科技與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)戰(zhàn)略與規(guī)劃等方面的研究工作。

譯文略作修改，供參考。

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